![]() However, probably the most convenient scheme for sensor categorization is their working principle, since it eases sensor comparison. ![]() Planar microwave resonant sensors can be classified according to various criteria, including frequency of operation, field of application, or operation principle, among others. Moreover, sensor implementation in planar technology is interesting for various reasons, including the possibility of developing low-profile and low-cost sensors, conformal sensors (e.g., in flexible substrates), recyclable sensors (e.g., based on organic or compostable substrates), wearable sensors, integrated sensors, submersible sensors, or sensors compatible with other technologies (e.g., microfluidics, substrate-integrated waveguide-based sensors, lab-on-a-chip sensors, etc.). Since resonant elements are sensitive to the properties of their surrounding medium, microwave sensors based on such elements have been applied to many different scenarios, including material characterization, bio-sensing, ambient monitoring, defect detection, motion control, chemical analysis, microfluidics, etc. Among them, planar resonant sensors have attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. Their low cost, high sensitivity, robustness against harsh environments, and their potential for non-invasive and wireless sensing are advantageous aspects of microwave sensors. ![]() ![]() Within the framework of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, there is an increasing demand for sensing using microwave signals. ![]()
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